According to early Christian tradition, the name of the soldier who pierced Jesus’ side with a spear during the crucifixion is Longinus. This figure, while not named in canonical Scripture, is introduced in the Gospel of Nicodemus, also known as the Acts of Pilate, a text not included in the Bible due to questions surrounding its authorship and date of origin. In this account, it is stated, “Then Longinus, a certain soldier, taking a spear, pierced his side, and presently there came forth blood and water.” (Gospel of Nicodemus)
This scene mirrors the biblical account in John 19:34, which states, “But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.” Although the Gospel of John does not identify the soldier by name, Christian legend has long associated Longinus with this act, portraying him as the centurion who witnessed the supernatural events at Calvary and subsequently converted to Christianity.
Stories surrounding Longinus, which were passed down through generations, narrate that he went on to become a devout follower of Christ. The Eastern Orthodox tradition also links Longinus to the centurion who proclaimed, “Truly this was the Son of God” (Matthew 27:54) after the earthquake that occurred at the moment of Jesus’ death. This tradition asserts that Longinus, who was nearly blind, was healed when the blood and water from Christ’s side fell upon his face, restoring his sight.
Despite his newfound faith, Longinus’ fate took a tragic turn. According to legend, he returned to his homeland in Turkey, where he continued to preach about Christ’s resurrection. Eventually, he was arrested and brutally tortured for his beliefs. Accounts state that his teeth were pulled and his tongue was cut out, yet he miraculously continued to speak clearly until he was beheaded for his faith.
Although there is no historical evidence confirming Longinus as a real person, his legacy endures in Christian art and tradition. A striking statue of Longinus, holding the spear that pierced Christ’s side, stands beneath the dome of Saint Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City.
The Gospel of Nicodemus offers additional details about the trial, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus, suggesting that Longinus was also among the soldiers tasked with guarding Christ’s tomb. When Jesus rose from the dead, the guards were reportedly astonished and fled. According to the legend, Jewish authorities attempted to bribe the soldiers to claim that Jesus’ body had been stolen, but Longinus refused.
The story of Longinus exemplifies the theme of redemption – a soldier who, once an enemy of Christ, became a martyr for the faith. While the canonical Gospels do not include his name, the enduring tradition surrounding Longinus continues to inspire Christians to this day.
