In the eyes of the Church, animals are a cherished part of God’s creation. From the simple joy of coming home to a loyal companion to the profound sense of peace they bring, pets offer us more than just company. Recent scientific research has uncovered the myriad ways in which our beloved animals enhance not only our emotional well-being but also our physical and mental health. As the Church teaches us to care for all of God’s creatures, we are reminded that animals can be instruments of God’s love in our lives.
An estimated 68% of U.S. households have a pet, reflecting a growing awareness of the importance of animals in human life. But beyond the companionship they offer, what benefits do animals provide, particularly in terms of health? And what types of animals are most beneficial?
Over the last decade, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has partnered with the Mars Corporation’s WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition to explore these questions through scientific studies. Researchers have delved into the effects of different animals—from fish to guinea pigs, dogs, and cats—on human health, including their potential to reduce stress, improve heart health, and aid in emotional development.
The Physical and Mental Benefits of Pets
The research into human-animal interactions, while still in its early stages, has already shown promising results. Studies indicate that spending time with animals can lower levels of cortisol, a stress-related hormone, and reduce blood pressure. Dr. Layla Esposito, who oversees NIH’s Human-Animal Interaction Research Program, explains, “Interacting with animals has been shown to reduce loneliness, increase feelings of social support, and improve mood. However, there’s no one-size-fits-all solution.” For example, owning a dog encourages physical activity, while simply watching fish swim can induce a sense of calm.
Dr. James Griffin, a child development expert at NIH, adds, “We are exploring how the subjective quality of the bond between humans and their pets translates into health benefits. It’s the emotional connection that often makes the difference.”
The NIH/Mars partnership has funded a range of studies, including those that examine how animals might influence child development. Researchers are studying the effects of pet ownership on children with autism, ADHD, and other developmental conditions. The results are promising—pets, particularly dogs, are showing potential in helping children with focus, social interaction, and emotional regulation.
Animals as Comfort and Support
In addition to the benefits of pet ownership, animals can also serve as sources of comfort and spiritual solace. Therapy dogs, in particular, have been brought into hospitals and nursing homes to provide emotional support to patients. Dr. Ann Berger, a physician at the NIH Clinical Center, notes, “Dogs are very present. If someone is struggling, they intuitively know how to sit with them and offer unconditional love.” This simple act of presence has been shown to alleviate stress and anxiety, especially in patients dealing with terminal illnesses.
Dr. Berger emphasizes the similarities between the comforting qualities of pets and the principles of mindfulness—attention, compassion, and awareness—saying, “Animals bring all of these qualities naturally. People must learn to practice them, but animals embody these virtues effortlessly.”
In schools, animals are helping children with ADHD and autism develop stronger social skills. Studies have shown that children who interact with therapy dogs exhibit better social behaviors, such as sharing and cooperation, and experience fewer behavioral issues. Similarly, children with autism have been shown to exhibit reduced anxiety and more engaging social interactions after spending time with guinea pigs.
As Dr. Griffin explains, “Animals can bridge the gap in social interactions for children who struggle with communication. The unconditional acceptance they offer is a form of peace and comfort.”
Unexpected Benefits: Fish and Diabetes Management
In another surprising study, caring for fish has been linked to improved diabetes management among teens. A group of teenagers with type 1 diabetes was tasked with caring for a pet fish as part of a routine. The teens who cared for their fish demonstrated greater discipline in managing their blood glucose levels compared to those who did not care for an animal. This reinforces the idea that pets can instill a sense of responsibility and help individuals with chronic conditions maintain better health.
Challenges and Responsibilities of Pet Ownership
While the benefits of pet ownership are numerous, there are also challenges. As Catholics, we understand that caring for God’s creatures requires responsibility, compassion, and attention. NIH/Mars studies are also focusing on the responsibilities of pet ownership, particularly in terms of how human-animal relationships impact both the animal and the person.
Dr. Esposito cautions that animals can also experience stress, and it is important for pet owners to be mindful of their pets’ needs. “Children, in particular, must be taught to recognize signs of stress in their pets,” she advises. Parents should also be aware of the risks associated with pet ownership, including the potential for bites or injuries, especially in young children.
Moreover, while early exposure to pets has been shown to reduce the likelihood of allergies and asthma in children, pet ownership may not be suitable for those with severe allergies. It is important to consider individual health needs when choosing a pet.
A Divine Gift: Embracing the Role of Animals in Our Lives
As we reflect on the role animals play in our lives, we are reminded of their place in God’s creation. From the companionship they offer to the profound impact they have on our physical and emotional health, pets serve as living reminders of God’s love and care. They help us grow in patience, compassion, and responsibility—virtues that mirror Christ’s own teachings.
As science continues to explore the health benefits of pet ownership, it is clear that animals have much to offer. Whether through providing emotional support, improving physical health, or fostering social connections, animals play an important role in our lives—one that is worthy of our gratitude and care.
As Dr. Esposito concludes, “We’re trying to find out what’s working, what’s not working, and what’s safe—for both the humans and the animals. But the most important lesson is that our bond with animals can have a profound and lasting impact on our health and well-being.”
